Sample Paper: MANS 571 - Individual moods and emotions in the workplace

Individual moods and emotions in the workplace

Name

MAN571 Organizational behavior

Date

Introduction

Emotions and moods play a big role on how employees communicate with other in the workplace. Emotions in the workplace are essential indications of a positive or negative job environment. Positive emotions can increase the worker motivation and performance, while negative emotions can cause stress and high turnover. This in turn will affect the whole organization either directly or indirectly. Positive moods enable employees to enhance their productivity at the workplace. However, negative emotions such as anger, hostility and stress can impact negatively on the productivity of the employees. Both types of emotions are contagious in the work place, which makes it even more important for managers to have an ability to read employee emotions. 

Emotional contagion is a way that the emotions of one employee are transferred to another employee via nonverbal channels. Managers need to harness positive emotions or eliminate negative emotions at work in order to maintain a healthy work environment.  How positive and negative emotions can influence employees and their productivity at work.

According to Brief &Weiss (2002), emotions are usually intense and occur due to specific events and can affect the way we think. Moods on the other hand are less intense and are not enhanced by any specific stimulus.

The purpose of this reflective thinking assignment is to examine the following:

·         Individual moods and emotions in the workplace and how they affect the employees

·         Describe different personality tests

·         Emotional intelligence

Individual moods and emotions in the workplace

It is normal for employees to express emotions. However, it should be noted that negative emotions can be infectious and in turn spread from one employee to another. This can significantly affect interpersonal communication in the organization.

Emotions can sometimes cause a person to be irrational. For instance, an employee who suffers severe head injuries which may affect his/her brain causing him/her to be emotionless would result in such an employee not being able to experience any reason, hence becoming irrational. In order to determine how an individual expresses emotions at work, it will be important to put into consideration how such an individual experiences work from a personal point of view so as to understand meaning to those emotions (Weiss & Rupp, 2011)

The following are the sources of mood and emotions in the workplace;

·         Stress

Stress is body's way of responding to any kind of demand or tension .It can be caused by both good and bad experiences in life .Stress is the major cause of negative feelings at work, for instance, too much work overloads , difficult colleagues or customers and demanding bosses/supervisors can lead to negative feelings (Kanner, Schaefer & Lazarus, 1984)

·         Personality

A person’s temperament determines their moods and emotions. For instance, extroverts typically express their emotions for all to see and express, very outgoing and frequently show positive feelings of excitement, happiness towards people around them .

·         Social activities

Interpersonal interactions on social occasions and events contribute to emotions and moods. Those interactions which are positive translate to positive feelings and vice-versa

·         Weather

Research has shown that weather thought to have effects on mood. Individuals have been known to express negative feelings on dark, stormy/rainy days and positive feelings and emotions on bright, hot and sunny days, people would love to engage in outdoor games and activities in summer vacations.

·         Gender

Women have been culturally known to frequently and easily express their moods and emotions. This is why managers are very careful when dealing with female employees since they are very sensitive and emotional on such issues such as family, children’s rights and they are very self-conscious . Males are opposite to the females in the expression of their emotions even under very stressful situations men can hold their emotions well because of their self-control attitude.

·         Exercise

Research has shown that physical exercise can be used to improve mood for individual’s suffering from depression. Some organizations offer free gym memberships to their employees and encourages them to regularly exercise to improve their mood and enhance positive feelings towards their employers and coworkers.

I personally experience the urge for workout, when I start my day by going to the Gym, I have a fantastic day with full involvement in all that tasks and vice versa. (Slaski, 2002)

·         Sleep

Quality of sleep affects mood. Individuals who sleep for less than 8 hours per night are likely to experience negative feelings ,as in my case during previous couple of months I could not have quality sleep because of taking care of my 81 years old mom who had stroke last year . I had to make big changes in my daily routines and got extra help to get me back to my sleep patterns min of 8 hrs uninterrupted sleep which makes my day very productive otherwise I become irritable.

·         Age

Evidence shows that older individuals experience more positive feelings than young people. This is why young people suffer from depression, eating disorders and show suicidal tendencies as a result of negative and stressful feelings. As we grow older our personalities start getting settled  in terms with the environment we are living in which makes us less stressful and out of mood swings.

·         Physical environment

Physical settings can cause mood and emotions at work. A beautiful view of outdoor scenery from the office window can enhance the employee’s mood and sometimes when lighting at work is extreme either too bright or too dark can cause negative moods among employees (Kuller, Ballal et al, 2006)

Effects of mood and emotions in the workplace

The following are the effects/impacts of moods and emotions in the workplace;

        i.            Job satisfaction

Job satisfaction is a major motivating factor for employees to be more productive at work. It is also the major cause of high employee turnover rate. When employees are more satisfied at their jobs, they tend to experience more positive moods and emotions.

      ii.            Employee performance

Mood can affect personal judgment which in turn will influence performance. According to Ashkenazy &Humphrey (2011), managers who experience positive moods are likely to take greater risks and be more optimistic. This optimism by managers can inspire the employees to perform better too.

    iii.            Creativity  and innovativeness

Both positive and negative moods can contribute to innovation. However, only positive mood can influence creativity at work. According to Amiable, Barsade et al (2005), positive mood facilitates cognitive and divergent thinking which enhance tasks that require creativity.

    iv.            Interpersonal relationships

Personal moods among workers can influence their moods toward others. This in turn will affect to a significant extend interpersonal relationships among workers. A worker who shows positive moods attracts other to him/her which will lead to a positive interpersonal relationship and vice-versa

Different personality tests

There are many personality tests put forth by various psychologists. The main goals of psychology have been to establish a model that can conveniently describe human personality. While conducting various personality tests Personality test is basically a questionnaire designed to reveal various aspects of a person’s character.(Brief, 2002) One of the more prominent models for the description of personality in contemporary psychology is known as the five-factor model of personality (Digman, 1990) the big five personality tests model includes;

·         The Ten Item  Personality Inventory

·         Revised Neo personality Inventory

·         The Five Factor Personality Inventory

·         The Five Factor Model Rating Form

·         The Big Five Inventory

The five factor personality traits are in the following table

There has been much research conducted on how people describe others and five major dimensions of human personality have been found which is described as the OCEAN model of personality which have been described by the above table

1- Openness

2- Conscientiousness

3-Extraversion

4-Agreeableness

5-Neuroticism

3 - Personality Test Performed

I performed 3 personality tests on myself to explore my personality traits and I agreed to some of the results and some of the personality traits I found very helpful to incorporate into a leadership role to manage successfully an organization.

1-Big five personality test:

I did this big five personality test for myself and my son who is 23 , was another person in this comparison having the same ethnic and social back ground with the difference of the fact that I was born in Pakistan and he was born in USA and studied in USA.

When I performed the big five project personality test and results are following:

I'maO80-C96-E53-A90-N37BigFive!!OCEAN

	Your Results Their Results
Closed-Minded		Open to New Experiences
Disorganized		Conscientious
Introverted		Extraverted
Disagreeable		Agreeable
Calm / Relaxed		Nervous / High-Strung

This score is close to my personality but I would say the test results don’t describe my personality fully as there are some personality traits which changes with the circumstances, for instance when I am dealing with my team members I have to be aggressive to get the job done on timely basis. As per the results of this test I have a relaxed personality trait along with the element of openness which is sometimes turns out to be opposite.

2-Type A / B personality Test

I also conducted Type A /B personality test and my score was 6 out of ten putting me in Type A and B personality.

Type A individual as ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status conscious, can be sensitive, care for other people, are truthful, impatient, always try to help others, , take on more than they can handle, want other people to get to the point, proactive, and obsessed with time management. People with Type A personalities are often high-achieving "workaholics" who multi-task, push themselves with deadlines, 

 Type B individuals are a contrast to those with Type A personalities. People with Type B personality by definition generally live at a lower stress level and typically work steadily, enjoying achievement but not becoming stressed when they are not achieved. When faced with competition, they do not mind losing and either enjoy the game or back down. They may be creative and enjoy exploring ideas and concepts. They are often reflective, thinking about the outer and inner worlds. Furthermore, Type B personalities may have a poor sense of time schedule and can be predominately right brained thinkers.

If I look into my personal and professional personality traits I have most of the qualities of Type A and few from Type B ,like I am very ambitious, organized, , sensitive, care for other people, truthful, take on more than what I can handle, proactive, and obsessed with time management, "workaholics" multi-task, push  with deadlines, and some of the qualities of type B which are I am very creative love exploring new ideas and concepts ,brain thinker and always stay at lower level of stress .

3-   Stress-O-Meter

I also conducted the stress-o-Meter test to measure the precise amount of stress in the working environment. There were 16 questions regarding the attitudes at work among the employers and employees.

Emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence is also known as Emotional Quotient. According to Coleman &Andrew (2008), emotional intelligence is “the capacity of individuals to recognize their own, and other people's emotions, to discriminate between different feelings and label them appropriately, to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, and to manage and/or adjust emotions to adapt environments or achieve one's goals” Emotional intelligence (EQ) is more important than one’s intelligence (IQ) in attaining success in their lives and careers. (Abraham, 1999)

Understanding the Five Categories of Emotional Intelligence (EQ)

1.      Self-awareness.

 The ability to recognize an emotion as it “happens” is the key to your EQ. Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to your true feelings. If you evaluate your emotions, you can manage them. The major elements of self-awareness are:

• Emotional awareness. Your ability to recognize your own emotions and their effects.
• Self-confidence. Sureness about your self-worth and capabilities.

2.      Self-regulation

 (John, 1999)

You often have little control over when you experience emotions. You can, however, have some say in how long an emotion will last by using a number of techniques to alleviate negative emotions such as anger, anxiety or depression. A few of these techniques include recasting a situation in a more positive light, taking a long walk and meditation or prayer. Self-regulation involves

• Self-control. Managing disruptive impulses.
• Trustworthiness. Maintaining standards of honesty and integrity.
• Conscientiousness. Taking responsibility for your own performance.
• Adaptability. Handling change with flexibility.
• Innovation. Being open to new ideas

3.      Motivation. 

To motivate yourself for any achievement requires clear goals and a positive attitude. Although you may have a predisposition to either a positive or a negative attitude, you can with effort and practice learn to think more positively. If you catch negative thoughts as they occur, you can reframe them in more positive terms — which will help you achieve your goals. Motivation is made up of:

• Achievement drive. You’re constant striving to improve or to meet a standard of excellence.
• Commitment. Aligning with the goals of the group or organization.
• Initiative. Readying yourself to act on opportunities.
• Optimism. Pursuing goals persistently despite obstacles and setbacks.

4.      Empathy. 

The ability to recognize how people feel is important to success in your life and career. The more skillful you are at discerning the feelings behind others’ signals the better you can control the signals you send them. (Mayer, 1997) An empathetic person excels at:

• Service orientation. Anticipating, recognizing and meeting clients’ needs.
• Developing others. Sensing what others need to progress and bolstering their abilities.
• Leveraging diversity. Cultivating opportunities through diverse people.
• Political awareness. Reading a group’s emotional currents and power relationships.
• Understanding others. Discerning the feelings behind the needs and wants of others

.

5.      Social skills. 

The development of good interpersonal skills is tantamount to success in your life and career. In today’s always-connected world, everyone has immediate access to technical knowledge. Thus, “people skills” are even more important now because you must possess a high EQ to better understand, empathize and negotiate with others in a global economy. Among the most useful skills are (Barling, 2000) :

• Influence. Wielding effective persuasion tactics.
• Communication. Sending clear messages.
• Leadership. Inspiring and guiding groups and people.
• Change catalyst. Initiating or managing change.
• Conflict management. Understanding, negotiating and resolving disagreements.
• Building bonds. Nurturing instrumental relationships.
• Collaboration and cooperation. Working with others toward shared goals.
• Team capabilities. Creating group synergy in pursuing collective goals.

Psychologists have come up with various models to explain and demonstrate how emotional intelligence works. (Pipkins, 1998) These models are;

·         Traits model

This model uses the perception of individuals regarding their own emotional abilities. Individuals are then subjected to a traits emotional intelligence questionnaire to test their emotional intelligence

·         Ability model

This model was developed by Salovey and Mayer. The model is based on an individual’s ability to perceive emotions. Use emotions, understand and manage emotions. The model uses emotion-based problem solving tests to determine emotional score of an individual

·         Mixed model

This model was pioneered by Daniel Coleman. The model is based on self-awareness, social skill, empathy and motivation. Individuals are subjected to Emotional Intelligence Appraisal tests. (Dasborough, 2002)

            All of these models can be applied flexibly to various situations and aren’t only applicable in one type of situation. Leaders must be aware of all of these models of assessing emotional intelligence of the employees and other individuals.

Conclusion

As leaders, managers and individuals our success and the success of the today’s profession depend on our ability to read other people’s signals and react appropriately to them. The leaders must keep their employees happy mentally with the healthy environment around and positive emotions resulting from a fantastic work environment. The functions of positive emotions are that employees are extremely productive, motivated and happy. This would result in tremendous progress and profits for the organization.

Technology Enhances the Chances of Success in a Business

Student's Name

Professor's Name

Course Number

Date

Technology Enhances the Chances of Success in a Business

            Technology has revolutionized several industries, including business. Today, technological advancements such as fast internet speeds, smart devices, and Big Data have changed how firms operate. Technology enhances the chances of business success by enabling businesses to gather, disseminate, and process information quickly.

            Technology makes businesses more successful by allowing companies to leverage information more rapidly. Zara, a leading fashion brand, spent heavily on information technology which allowed it to improve its distribution system significantly (Roll n.p.). Zara's technology-driven distribution system enables it to have seamless information exchange across its stores and its headquarters, which helps it to keep up with the latest trends. Additionally, technology is crucial in aiding businesses to become more productive at lesser cost by reducing the time from product conception until it gets to the market (Wilburn and Wilburn 23). The adoption of technology-enabled Zara to considerably minimize lead times and to respond to shifting market trends quicker. Hence, technology helps businesses to become more profitable by developing an efficient distribution system which caters to customers' needs and keeps up with the latest trends.

            Apart from making firms more successful by allowing them to leverage information more quickly, technology also enables firms to tap into the e-commerce market. In 2010, Zara ventured into the e-commerce space by setting up its first online shop that was available in only a few countries (Roll n.p.). However, a few years later, Zara's online business has extended across Europe and now accounts for approximately 10% of its global sales. The move by Zara to enter the e-commerce market was informed by its well-designed information technology system that allows it to gather data on the latest trends. When the e-commerce market was booming, Zara already had the right information to join the market and reach out to a broader reach of customers. Therefore, technology helps a business to become better by offering them a more extensive range of the market through e-commerce.

            In conclusion, technology enhances the chances of business success by enabling businesses to gather, disseminate, and process information quickly. Zara is an example of a company that benefitted from heavily investing in information technology. Technology also allows firms to take advantage of the e-commerce market to reach more clients.

Works Cited

Roll, Martin. "The Secret of Zara's Success: A Culture of Customer Co-creation." Martin Roll:Business and Brand Strategist, Mar. 2018, martinroll.com/resources/articles/strategy/the-secret-of-zaras-success-a-culture-of-customer-co-creation/.

Wilburn, Kathleen M., and H. R. Wilburn. "The Impact of Technology on Business and Society." Global Journal of Business Research, vol. 12, no. 1, 2018, pp. 23-29.

SCENARIO PLANNING CONCEPT IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

SCENARIO PLANNING CONCEPT

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Professor

Course

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Scenario Panning Concept

Scenario planning refers to the process of forecasting future activities. Important to note that, scenario planning consists of formulated plans that are based on the mission and the overall goals of the organisation. Again, the entire process requires the business managers to think and make ethical decisions for the long terms objectives. The fundamental purpose of this paper is to research and discuss scenario planning in strategic management of a business or an organisation. Also, the paper seeks for new developments, advancements, and application of the concept in strategic management. Vivid discussions are presented in the content below.

Scenario planning is an essential part of strategic management since it makes the managers plan for the future. Generally, the concept is crucial in an organisation because it helps to deal with uncertainty in the following ways. Firstly, the idea helps the managers to understand the environment as they become rational to risk-taking and also avoid them from taking unreasonable risks (Porter, 1996). Secondly, the concept helps the managers to become more adaptive in their organisations. The Management team expand their mental models hence take proactive actions. Also, the idea avoids denial and paralysis through providing a framework to outline limited strategic choices in the organisation, thus helping the managers to make rational decisions as they get out of the existing mental models.

The concept of scenario planning within the Strategic management fits in the optimisation of effort in the organisation. Notably, considering the available resources in the organisation, the management plans of what they want to achieve in the future. Therefore, the existing gap provides a room for decision making inspiring what the organisation needs to accomplish at a given time. Finally, the concept helps the management team of an organisation to set the mission based on the goals intending to achieve. The idea, as stated, is useful in scheduling the plans that are crucial in organisation advancement.  

Clarification of Meaning and Origin of the Concept

Scenario planning is also defined as a process and an ongoing approach in organisational development by setting future objectives based on the current resources. The management team of an organisation has the mandate to schedule plans that lead to corporate growth in terms of market penetration as it tries to accomplish its specified mission. The overall process starts by considering the available resources that might have an impact on the world, for example, technology, social, and environmental change. Therefore, the concept seeks for the most critical factors and uncertainties hence exploring their implications as they combine them in distinct plausible ways to create possible future.

Mentioning on the origin of the scenario planning based on the recent articles I have read, it is clear that the source of the concept was used in World War 2 (Cork & Kate, 2007, p.4). The idea was primarily used in analysing the prediction regarding their enemies and make ethical decisions. Later on, the idea was then moved to a business-related organisation in the 1960s, especially in Royal Dutch Shell.  The shell's ability to react to the Arab oil embargo in the 1970s is one of the most exceptional examples of implementing scenario planning in strategic management in business organisation to anticipate significant future challenges. Importantly, the concept assisted the company in dealing and countering its challenges. Since then, the idea is practised in most of the business organisation, helping them to expand as well as developing their potential objectives in both short and long terms. The concept needs diversified and skilled people to implement, whereby in most companies and organisations, managers are encouraged to hold and develop skills in scenario thinking.

Recent Developments in Academic Thought Related to Scenario Planning

The concept has undergone developments in academic thought since the 1980s as it has been seeking for personnel to break the constraints of everyday thinking. The development of scenario planning is illustrated in the following figure.

According to the figure above, different possible futures are identified based on the available resources in the organisation. The overall available resources determine the direction and the speed of movement in terms of development and advancement. Ideally, most of the required resources are in terms of technology-based that affects the entire environment. Secondly, the management team has the mandate to formulate the plan to deal with the specified futures following the available resources. Prominent to memo that, the plans are essential in the organisation since they determine both the short and long term objectives. For instance, an institutional organisation might focus on producing quality service in terms acceptance in the society therefore, this form the basis of the mission of the organisation. In this case, the managers should focus on formulating ideas to meet the plans.

At this juncture, the management accounts for the particular plan to invest that will have an immediate impact on the organisation. For instance, the idea was to install an internet connection for smooth running of the activities, and then they have to invest in the project to facilitate improvement in the institution. Once the management is done with the most basic plan, they can hedge to another scenario plan depending on the urgency. The projects are completed depending on their importance in the organisation such that, the most important ideas are firstly completed. If the entire scenario is invalid or fails to work well, then the management switch to another scenario planning that can have an impact on meeting the overall goals of the organisation. According to the discussed presented above elaborating the figure on the development of scenario planning in academic thought, it is vividly portrayed that following the exact steps lead the progression of the organisation.

Solved: Sustainability

Sustainability

Authors' Name

Institutional Affiliation

Date of Submission

Sustainability

Introduction

Sustainable university entails universities that contribute positively when it comes to sustainable building societies. Sustainable societies will be achieved through education, researches, and collaborations with people within community and university development. To make proper growth, sustainable universities will focus on global citizen educations. This case means that these universities will focus mainly on offering urgent societal challenges and most importantly, reduction of environmental and social footprints based on university operations.  Higher education can be considered as a potential catalyst for sustainable development for the coming generations (Chugh, Wibowo & Grandhi, 2016). Therefore, the importance of these universities has started to emerge in a more commercialized landscape. Consequently, a lot of people, organizations, and governments believe that universities are the key to a future that is sustainable. Transparency and accountability of information have become critical and increased in demand form stakeholders and business among most societies in Australia. This paper will focus on the role and impacts of a widened access to Australian higher education on a sustainable environment.

Higher Education in Australia in Ensuring Sustainability

The primary role and objective of higher education in Australia are to develop students' knowledge and other vital skills. Other than that, the universities will also have a high impact when it comes to influencing general characters and morals of students.  Australia has focused on increasing resources and attention in her universities with a primary objective of improving the development of students (Holgaard, Hadgraft, Kolmos & Guerra, 2016). Sustainability involves processes and events that will help to meet the needs of currents generations. At the same time, it will help to avoid compromising future generations from achieving their goals and needs. As a result, sustainable universities in Australia have become an essential element and a priority with a primary objective of influencing social, economic, and environmental development.

The widening of Australian higher educations can be considered sustainable for Australian information technology professions rather than information technology professions. When it comes to information technology professions, integration of sustainability into products, technology systems, services, and other processes entails a combination of environment, social and economic factors in consideration to the evaluations designs. For these professions, sustainable development and universities are developments that will ensure different needs have been achieved. Other than that, it also helps in prevention and limiting of current challenges that societies and people in these societies are currently facing.  Information technology plays a vital role in impacting ways in which people and communities provide solutions to the problems that are suffering (Aranda & Jerrard, 2019). This case means that widening of higher education, particularly in Australia offers an easy and a higher chance where the education system is sustainable for information technology professionals.

Typically, information technology is the basis on which secure, reliable, and also sustainable communities will be based on in general. It is one of the most critical elements that leaders in widespread use when it comes to influencing economic, environmental, and most importantly, social developments.   The concept of sustainable environment tends to support social and economic growth that is strong. These developments play a more significant role in influencing how a community operates and how it works towards creating a future that will be reliable and productive. On the other hand, information technology will focus on underlining the role if ensuring protection for natural resources. Social and economic well-being cannot be achieved with measures that will not protect the environment. Therefore, intergenerational solidarity will also play a significant role. All development that will be made need to consider the impacts they have particularly on the opportunities for future generations.

University education in Australia has undergone different government initiatives. These initiatives focus on providing funding to integrate corporate social responsibility problems. This case means that they help in training professionals that have a strong ethical sense, social values. It also helps to increase concern for the repercussion that is related to daily societal and people's needs.

Investigate previous attempts to regulate entry standards to professional university degrees in Australia and their eventual impact.

In the 1980s and 1990s, universities in Australia were considered as an object that could be used in minimizing state interventions. These reforms were mainly characterized and based by a gradual decline in consideration to the number of students and most importantly, the country's founding. This case resulted in a more competitive environment, where university investments to increase their competitive advantage.  Academics, on the other hand, focused mainly on the role and importance of people's competitiveness in consideration of the global market. The consequences of this view were an increase in demand and search for profits that were more than just changes in climate and sustainability of the environment.

In the past few years, a consensus has played a significant role in showing that universities need to focus on a critical role in social responsibility. To achieve this objective, there was a need to incorporate corporate social responsibility principles into Australia's strategies, visions, and most critical missions. The primary purpose of reforms in these universities was to response to neoliberalism and focused on social issues and challenges that were experienced by most societies in the country (Coupland & Boyle, 2016). Theorem, the government in Australia has focused mainly on the creation and making personal investments efforts, particularly in higher educations and focus primarily on areas that will help to create a sustainable environment. As a result, universities are expanding in consideration to their sphere of actions. This case has allowed the universities in Australia to focus on the concept of sustainable development in account of the daily reality of life in the universities.

The value that universities transmit plays a significant impact on influencing information technology professional development. The role of these universities is to change and improve the perception of students in dealing with challenges that are currently facing most people and communities. Other than that, universities help students to enhance understanding of the role that IT has when it comes to the daily lives of people and general operations of the country. It will be achieved by creating a sense of social responsibilities among students and other people. The goal of social responsibilities is to seek ways in which it can alleviate impacts that are adverse to the natural world and the environment (Hay, Mercer, Lichtwark et. al, 20170. These impacts are related to people. In social responsibilities, students in these universities are encouraged to engage directly in dealing with problems that most societies are facing. This case will be achieved through adaption to productions and consumption system in a way that helps in the reduction of ecological impacts.

Widening access to university higher educations is thus an effective way in which students will be encouraged to engage in improving the environment and most important focus on the preservation of resources. These goals will, therefore, create a sustainable environment and societies where future generations could depend on in general. It means that these initiatives will focus mainly on the creation of a sustainable environment, particularly for IT professionals (Griswold, 2017). Typically, information technology has become one of the essential elements in solving social problems. IT is also used as a way to provide solutions for most of these problems, thus creating an environment that is productive and reliable in general.

Widening the education system is a way in which students are urged to take environment to heart. Therefore, this system of education is a way in which environmental issues will be addressed in most of the courses offered by these organizations. This case helps in the disclosure of information that is related to social responsibilities in each of these courses (George, Howard-Grenville, Joshi & Tihanyi, 2016). It also helps in the demonstration of student commitments to the environment in general.  As a result, the widening of Australian higher educations has allowed most of them to integrate social responsibility as an essential concept when it comes to promoting sustainability, particularly in the IT sector. Integration of social responsibilities is also engaged in strategic planning in most of the universities. It is achieved through setting specific objectives and most importantly, the development of long term initiatives in considerations to matter that is directly related to social responsibilities.

To focus on suitable IT professionals, higher education takes into consideration matters that are essential in addressing social, economic, and environmental consequences of the operations and goals. Universities also focus on communicating targeted actions in different fields that will help to increased productivity and contribute positively to solving most of the societal issues. Therefore, students, in this case, will be able to identify and address stakeholders' expectations effectively. It allows the creation of mechanisms that will help in improving and using information technology to solve challenges that people and most societies are currently facing.

Compare these with policy measures enacted in other countries and assess the desirability of their application to the engineering or information technology professions in Australia.

Information technology continues to become one of an essential element when it comes to operating organizations and providing solutions to problems that people are currently facing. Therefore, most states, not only in Australia, are considering and focusing on IT, are one of the best and most reliable ways where sustainability will be created (Low, Butler-Henderson & Nash, 2018). Therefore, most states have focused on the integration of information technology particularly in the education system with the hope that they will improve general performance and productivity of students particularly when it comes to influencing performance and contributing positively to the success of their societies.

Currently, there are a lot of challenges that people and communities are facing. Therefore, education provides the best and most effective in which professions could be brought up to deal with most of these issues. This case has allowed effectiveness and reliability in ensuring that most of the organizations and states will be able to solve challenges that societies are facing.  To increase the outcomes, widening of the education system in most of these countries has become the best and easy way to ensure effectiveness. The desire is to increase the number of students that will help and focus on problem-solving (Whiteford, Cairnduff, O'Donnell, Cavanagh et. al, 2017). This case allows efficiency in creating awareness, and an increasing number of people and professionals that will focus on the use of information technology to ensure the efficacy and most important solve most of the problems and issue societies are facing.

Information, its transparency, and its use in decision making help in providing effective and reliable measures that will be critical and productive in solving problems that communities are currently facing. Widening of higher education in most of the states has resulted quickly in accountability is facilitated. It results in enhanced communication and an increase in access to information for use in solving challenges.  It is a process that students learn to act and behave ethically with the use of knowledge society on social responsibilities issues. Students can relate problems that communities are facing and through focusing on suitability strategies from these universities, providing solutions through information technology become reliable, productive, and easy to achieve in general. The goal is to create an understanding of how IT can be used to solve societal problems and come out with valid and reliable outcomes in general.

Australian universities are highly active in matters that focus on the integration of information technology. This case means that they are committed in the use of this information to ensure that challenges that societies are facing will be addressed in the best and productive way.  This way helps to confer a legitimacy that is more improved in considerations to the actions and creation of an advantage to creating a competitive and productive society.

The use of IT in Australia` has a more significant influence on almost all areas related to the daily lives of people.  Information technology has, therefore, become critical in the creation of conditions and in making decisions that will create significant and useful societies. Widening of the Australian higher education has consequently allowed effectiveness in suitable IT professions. These professions help to cater to the needs of organizations, people, and general operation of the country.  The outcomes are improved ways in which solutions to different problems will be provided for in general. Information technology helps to make decisions and predict outcomes.  The prediction will thus be used as a way to avoid or improve situations depending on their findings, thus resulting in societies that are sustained and those that are effective and productive.

Higher education in Australia allows most of the universities to operate in environments that are characterized by central government control in a high degree. This case helps these organizations to plan and determine findings thus involved in setting goals and most importantly developing tuition policies. The outcomes are an easy way in which regulatory controls are established, which can either be directly or indirectly, thus influencing the whole educational system in the country (Norton, Cherastidtham & Mackey, 2016). Therefore, the educational system in this country has allowed for sustainable impacts form Australian information technology professions. Therefore, the outcomes are increased ways in which most of the problems that societies are facing will be solved.

Assess the sustainability implications of lower entry standards to the engineering and information technology professions from the perspective of one of the following: civil engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, structural engineering, or information technology

A widening Australian university has forced the university to make use of lower entry standards to information technology. The goals are to provide more chances and easy way in which more students can directly get admitted to these universities. It increases the probability of ensuring sustainability and overall outcomes when it comes to problem-solving (To, Lee & Lam, 2018). To create a sustainable way or problem-solving, increasing number and ways in which solutions will be provided is thus an essential and critical way for most of these organizations to focus on in general. Therefore, a sustainable implication when it comes to lower entry standards of information technology has been enormous. This case means that more students will be able to enter quickly to the universities. This case will increase the number of professionals that will help to provide solutions for most of the social problems. This case has contributed to improved general performance and impacts of IT professionals when it comes to delivering solutions and catering for issues that societies are facing.

Other than that, this case has allowed Australia to subscribe to different international declarations that focuses on promoting training and research in considerations to matters that are directly related to SR in most of the universities.  Lowering entry standards in account to sustainable implications tend to allow effectiveness when it comes to individual projects that will help in addressing sustainability. It does not take a systematic view that relates to learning and changes throughout these learning institutions. The goal is achieved through the government's acknowledgment for the need and essence of integrating sustainability to the education systems. Therefore, it has helped to make an Australian education system that allows students to understand and develop the required skills when it comes to achieving sustainability.

To achieve these goals and objectives, it has become critical for these organizations, and through government, efforts to focus on reducing entry standards in consideration of information technology. It helps in increasing the number of student in matters that focus on information technology result in an improved outcome when it comes to solving problems. To achieve this objective, reducing entry-level has, therefore played a significant role in impacting performance. It will also affect the way in which solutions could be provided to most of the problems. The government of Australia has also focused on the approval of the Australian National Action Plan for Education for Sustainability (Muñoz & Dimov, 2015). The primary objective of this plan is to support institutional changes in whole through integration of information system. The outcome is that universities in the country have become very competitive in offering chances for international students to learn and make changes to their societies in general.  In most cases, an increase in the use of sustainability reports by most of these higher educational organizations has become an ever-growing symbol required by most organizations. This case will ensure and improve accountability and transparency in solving problems.

Organizations, people, and the entire country need to focus mainly on gaining legitimacy for the actions, thus aligning activities and perception of what is required by a sustainable community. Therefore, Australia has become a critical state that focuses on the application and implementation of information technology in education for over a decade. This case has forced most of these higher education organizations to consider lowering entry standards of information technology with the aim of an increasing number of students. The increased amount will help to cater and prevents problems that societies are facing through the use of information technology strategies and methods of problem-solving (Mansi & Pandey, 2016).  By allowing this, more professions will come from these universities. This case means that it will be useful and reliable to ensure that most of the challenges and issues that communities are facing will be catered for in the right and most effective method.

Sustainability implications have therefore increased the need for the government to focus on the way that it will increase IT use and professionals, particularly in solving issues within societies. Lowering the entry standard for information technology in these universities have, therefore helped to ensure an increase in the number of students. These students are expected to contribute positively when it comes to problems solving and particularly in assisting societies in understanding what is required from them and the role that information technology has in ensuring effectiveness and solving most of the issues. Demand for sustainable development in most societies has increased the interest of higher educational institutions to focus on social commitment, particularly in the IT sector. The goal of these universities is to improve the quality and quantity of social responsibilities regarding information technology.

Conclusion

Widening of access regarding the Australian higher educations is sustainable for the Australian information technology professions. Information technology as an essential role in promoting societies that will ensure people live in the best way possible. The use of information technology ensures effectiveness and increased productivity in developing communities that can solve most issues and problems experienced by people. To achieve this objective, universities in Australia have considered widening their access, thus improving people understanding of the role and impacts of information technology on the general performance of these societies. Courses offered in these universities have focused on the integration of information technology as a way to problem-solving and a way in which a sustainable country will be achieved. Sustainability will, therefore, involve the ability to understand and develop strategies for problem-solving. Therefore, students can easily make use of IT in their daily lives and professions a way that helps to come up with solutions to societal challenges. Thus, this widening of higher education access in the country has promoted sustainability, particularly among professionals in the It sector.

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