the art of science of farming, growing of plants a keeping of livestock. It originated from two Latin words ager and culture, ager meaning field while culture meaning cultivation. On the other hand, forestry refers to the art of science of planting and conserving of the forests. The history of agriculture began around a thousand years ago. Peasant farmers collected wild grains and began to plant them and keep animals. This grains included gram seed. The kept animals included cattle, sheep and pigs. In in the early past people practiced monoculture. This was the act of cultivating of one plant in a particular piece of land. Over the current year's, growth in agriculture has been witnessed. This is due to increased farm and animal products. There has been also changes in the prices of farm and animal products. In the past, the supply of animal and farm and animal products was scarce. In the present years, the supply is in large quantities, and the quality of those products have improved. In agriculture, crops are divided into two. These two categories are cash and food crops. Cash crops are purposely grown for sale while food crops are purposely grown for personal use.

For example in India, wheat maize millet and rice are food crops while onions turmeric ginger and chilies are grown as cash crops. Food crops mostly are grown in small farms while the cash crops are grown in big plantations.

There are various types of agriculture; they include dairy farming .This is a type of farming which involves rearing of cattle that produce milk. It began in Europe from where it spread to other parts of the world. This type of farming is practiced in areas with temperate climate and should be close to the market. Apart from dairy farming we have nomadic herding. This is the practice of keeping of livestock on natural pastures .It is mostly carried out by people in the arid areas.  People move with their animals in search h of pasture land and water for their animals. It is mostly practiced in Northern parts of Africa, parts of Arabia and Northern parts Eurasia. We also have   livestock ranching. This is based on rearing of livestock by people are in a settled area. They do not move from one place to another in search of water and pasture for their livestock. The animals are provided with large areas from where they feed. When they exhaust the feeds in that area they are moved to another area of land.

In the field of farming we have shift cultivation. This type of farming is where by a plot of land is obtained, all the plants are cleared and it is made ready for cultivation. The plot of plant is cultivated until it loses fertility. When the land loses all its fertility farmers move to another area where they clear the forests and start cultivating.

Subsistence farming is also another form farming. It refers to growing of crops purposely for own consumption. The type of crops grown include maize millet and rice.it is practiced in areas experiencing comparatively less wet climate. Commercial farming is linked to subsistence farming where by the crops are grown for sale. Those who buy the products they end up consuming them.

Specialized horticulture is another form of farming .it involves growing of fruits and vegetables .Due to changes and increase in demand for fruits and vegetables, it has encouraged the start of big plantations and also establishing of greenhouses to plant vegetables and flowers.

Subsistence crop and livestock farming has developed in the recent years. This includes cultivating of plants and rearing of livestock .IT is mostly practiced in areas of middle latitude and in areas where the fertility of the soils is low. 

Technology has brought a lot of changes in the field of agriculture. The various types of changes include; Transparency – This has been put openly and clearly by the use of machines to detect toxic farm products and the non- toxic ones. It has also led to people knowing what type of product they are consuming. For example meat they are able to recognize whether the meat is for pig or a cow.

It has brought about better preservative methods for farm products. This includes the use of refrigerators to preserve products which go bad faster. This to increased life span for perishable goods. It has also led to building of greenhouses whereby fruits vegetables and flowers are grown at controlled temperatures.

Technology has also brought about efficient management of farm and resources efficiency. This is through using of tractors to cultivate, establishment of irrigation scheme and also use of pesticides to control pests in animals. There have been introduction of drugs to control weed.

It has also led to animal insemination which leads to breeding of high quality animals. In farming budding is placed to produce quality fruits. It has also led to introduction of fertilizers which increase the productivity of land. It has brought also supply chain efficiency whereby farm products are able to flow from the farmer to the consumer without any delays. The products reach their destination in good condition quality and quantity since they are not tampered with along the way before they reach their destination. The profit has also increased due to the use of technology. Quality products are produced and sold hence yielding a lot of profits to the farmer. Technology has also brought the practice of genetic engineering. This refers to the direct manipulation of an organism's gene using biotechnology. Those organisms generated through genetic engineering are considered to genetically modify and the resulting entities ate genetically modified entities.

Agriculture is very important to human life since it supports human life. This through provision of food because a man eats to live.

The history of forestry on the other hard began in Portugal. This happened in the 13th century, when the Alonso III of Portugal planted some tress known as Pinal do Rei in the coastal region of Elyria to prevent soil erosion and degradation. Those tress also where used to provide timber used for naval construction. The growth of forestry is not sustainable and is low.  This is due to increased pollution from the industries   and also the pollution of soil which does not support the growth of forests. In addition the direct effects of the ozone and other gaseous pollutants on their growth, plants in these areas subject to acid rain. This is according to the General Statistics office, the development of forestry sector is 4.9% in 2000; 1.9% in 2001; 1.6% in 2002; 1.1 % in 2003; 1.1% in 2004 and 1.2% in 2005. 

There are various types of forests, this includes tropical forests. These are forests which grow in areas which receive high amounts of rainfall. However the are those tropical forests which grow in areas experiencing seasonal rainfall. Tropical forests form structures known as canopy at their top. The soils in those are areas are low in fertility and in minerals .Tress in tropical forests have shallow roots in order for them to get nutrients from the delayed fallen leaves. 

We also have temperate forests. These are forests which are found in areas experiencing varied temperatures and they experience winter. The trees are characterized by their broad leaves, they are tall and all are hardwood. The soils in that particular soil are rich in fertility and minerals. The forests are provide habitants for animals such as birds, deer, raccoons and squirrels.

Another type of forests is the boreal forests. They are the largest world's biomes. They occupy around 11% of the part of the world. The types of plants which grow here have short span growing season and have relatively few plants. The forests comprises of coniferous trees which are characterized by needle-shaved leaves prevent water loss. These forests provides habitat for mammals species such as rodents and rabbits.

Human made forests are included in the list of forests. These are forests created by human individuals. People come together and spare a land where they grow tress. The tress grown there are the soft woods. They include. 

Forests cannot be overlooked since them very important to human beings and also to the world animals and the sorounding.One of the importance of forests include.

Forests is that they provide us with oxygen we use to breach. As we all know plants takes in carbon dioxide and the give out oxygen .This is the air which helps us to live.

Forests also provides us with food for human being wild animals and also the domesticated animals. Forests provides us with shelter and also acts as habitants for some animals such as the lions they also act as water catchment areas, this is where origin of most rivers are found.

In addition forests provides job to  more than 300 million people .These include guards who are employed to guard the forests and those game managers and game wardens who guard wild animals. They also provide medicine and absolve harmful greenhouse gases that produce climate change.

There are various factors affecting the growth of forests. These factors include climatic changes. For example when the rainfall is not adequate and the temperatures are high some types of forests are unable to survive. Another factor is the issue of deforestation. This refers to the cutting down of trees without any authorization from the government. So many forests have declined due to the acts of deforestation. Industrial pollution has been a greater challenge to the growth of forests .Industries emit gases that leads to blockage of leave pores .This prevents the plants from breathing and they end up dying. Spilled chemicals in forests burn the tress and they die.

Forests should be conserved since they serve a major role in the life of human beings and the wild animals. Some of this conservative methods include planned cutting of trees. This will help to prevent deforestation. Some of the methods to be adopted to conserve the forests include clear cutting, selective cutting and shelter cutting. Another measure is the control of forest fire. People should prevented all causes of fire near the forests. Latest firefighting techniques should be applied to fight chances of fire occurrences. Another measure is that of reforestation and afforestation.Reafforestaion refers to the act of planting trees where they were cut down while afforestation refers to the act of starting of a forest where they were not established.

In conclusion agriculture and forestry are the backbone of human living and therefore they should be well taken care off and should be conserved to make life and the environment more beautiful.   

;